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Pakistan and India Face Severe Smog Problem

The cricket World Cup in India has been overshadowed by the country’s ongoing struggle with air pollution, with Mumbai also experiencing high levels of pollution. Farmers in northern Indian states, including Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, burn crop waste in October to prepare for winter crops. This practice leads to poor air quality, causing respiratory health issues for both humans and animals. The air has turned grey in some cities, and the Air Quality Index (AQI) reached 480 in certain areas, leading to eye irritation and sore throats for residents. Delhi had its worst pollution levels in October since 2020. An AQI of 0-50 is considered good, while anything between 400 and 500 is hazardous for both healthy individuals and those with existing health conditions.

The Dangers of Smog

Smog is a type of air pollution that forms when sunlight reacts with fine particles and gases in the atmosphere. It greatly reduces visibility and poses significant health risks to humans and animals alike. Individuals with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of smog. It can also cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Pakistan and India’s Struggle with Smog

Two of the most affected countries by smog are Pakistan and India. The World Health Organization ranks 14 out of the 15 most polluted cities in the world in these two countries. The major sources of smog in Pakistan and India include traffic emissions, crop burning, coal-fired power plants, industrial activities, and household waste. These sources release significant amounts of PM2.5, which is the most hazardous air pollutant for human health.

Smog negatively impacts both the environment and the economies of Pakistan and India. It damages crops, forests, and wildlife, contributes to climate change, and results in acid rain. Moreover, it affects the well-being and productivity of millions of individuals, leading to health issues, hospitalizations, and premature deaths.

Tourism, trade, and transportation also suffer as a result of the smog, while healthcare and energy costs rise. According to a World Bank report, Pakistan experiences an annual air pollution cost equivalent to approximately 5.88 percent of its GDP, while in India, it is approximately 8.5 percent of its GDP.

The Need for Cooperation

A lack of cooperation and coordination between Pakistan and India worsens the smog situation in both countries. Each accuses the other of being responsible for the smog, yet neither has implemented effective policies or regulations to tackle the problem at its roots. For instance, India blames Pakistan for burning rice stubble, which produces smoke that travels across the border, while Pakistan blames India for inadequate control of industrial and vehicular pollution and waste burning that affects air quality in Punjab and other regions.

What is necessary is a joint solution to this transboundary problem. Pakistan and India must work together to establish a regional framework to combat smog, based on scientific data, mutual trust, and shared responsibility. Collaboration with other South Asian countries, including Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, who also face air pollution challenges, is crucial. Addressing the smog issue will not only improve the environment and public health in Pakistan and India but also foster dialogue and peace in the region.

Protecting Yourself from Smog

If you want to protect yourself from smog, there are several preventive measures you can take. Before going outside, check the AQI in your region and remain indoors if the levels are high. Avoid outdoor activities, especially during the early morning and late evening when smog levels are typically highest. Additionally, wearing N95 masks or respirators can help filter out the fine particles and gases that contribute to smog.

Using air purifiers at home and ensuring you drink enough water can also reduce the effects of smog. A diet rich in vitamin C, magnesium, and omega fatty acids can strengthen your immune system and protect your lungs. By avoiding activities that contribute to smog, such as burning garbage and excessive driving, and by following prescribed medications for respiratory issues, you can make a significant impact in reducing the impact of smog on your life.

Source: https://thefridaytimes.com