Global Rice News

Debunking the Myth: Punjab’s Burning Rice Crop Residue and Smog

There has been an ongoing debate about the primary cause of smog in Punjab, with the blame often falling on the burning of rice crop residue. However, recent evidence suggests that this may not be the case. While policymakers and urban residents often point fingers at farmers, studies have shown that other sectors contribute significantly more to smog formation.

Evidence Disputes the Role of Rice Crop Burning in Smog Formation

Two notable studies provide evidence that challenges the assumption that rice crop burning is the main contributor to smog. The first study, conducted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, reveals that crop residue burning accounts for only 20% of smog formation in Punjab. In comparison, the transport sector is the largest contributor at 43%, followed by industry at 25% and the power sector at 12%.

The second study, which focused specifically on Lahore, was conducted by The Urban Unit. It found that rice crop burning contributes a mere 4% to smog in the city, while the transport sector is responsible for a staggering 83% of emissions. These findings clearly indicate that the agriculture sector is not the main culprit behind Punjab’s smog problem.

Smog is a Year-Round Issue, Not Limited to Winter Months

Another misconception that needs to be addressed is the belief that smog only occurs during the winter months. Historical data collected by IQAir reveals that particulate matter is consistently present in the country’s atmosphere throughout the year. The presence of smog is not solely a result of farmers burning rice stubble but is influenced by various factors.

The Challenges Faced by Farmers

It’s crucial to understand why farmers continue to burn rice stubble despite the environmental consequences. They resort to this practice due to perceived cost-effectiveness and the need for quick land clearance for the next crop. Farmers face multiple challenges, including price distortions in input and output markets. They are often forced to sell their crops at lower prices than government announcements, and input costs, such as fertilizers, skyrocket when they are needed the most.

A Holistic Approach to Address Crop Residue Burning

Addressing crop residue burning requires a holistic and continuous approach. Technological advancements, policy reforms, financial incentives, and community engagement can all contribute to reducing this practice and improving air quality. Providing farmers with a stable input and output market can help them make better decisions and discourage the burning of crop residues.

Utilizing Technological Solutions

Technological solutions, such as rice stubble shredders and happy seeders, can significantly reduce crop residue burning. These machines shred the stubble, incorporate it into the soil as mulch, and seed the next crop through this mulch using a seed drill. This not only reduces cultivation expenses but also decreases greenhouse gas emissions.

Exploring Alternative Uses for Crop Residues

Crop residues have the potential for diverse applications. They can be utilized as livestock feed or as a source for generating renewable energy. Establishing power plants or industries that utilize biomass as raw material can effectively repurpose these residues. Creating markets for crop residues through subsidies and incentive structures can encourage their utilization in various sectors.

Need for Collaboration and Monitoring

Collaboration between the public and private sectors is crucial to mobilize resources and funding for addressing the issue of crop residue burning. Establishing monitoring systems to track the effectiveness of strategies is essential. Real-time data and observations can help refine approaches and policies over time.

By taking a comprehensive approach to address crop residue burning, Punjab can effectively tackle smog while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. It’s essential to dispel misconceptions and work towards practical solutions that involve all stakeholders.

Source: Dawn